"Modern Historical and Social Philosophies" is a book written by Sorokin, Pitirim Aleksandrovich, a Russian-American sociologist and philosopher. The book provides an extensive and comprehensive overview of the major philosophical and social theories that have emerged in the modern era. It covers a wide range of topics such as the nature of reality, the role of the individual in society, the relationship between science and religion, and the impact of technology on society. Sorokin's writing is characterized by his unique and interdisciplinary approach to philosophy, drawing on insights from sociology, psychology, and history. He examines the major philosophical movements of the 19th and 20th centuries, including existentialism, pragmatism, phenomenology, and Marxism. The book is divided into several parts, each focusing on a different aspect of modern philosophy. The first part provides an overview of the major philosophical schools of thought, while the second part explores the relationship between philosophy and science. The third part examines the role of religion in modern society, while the fourth part focuses on the impact of technology on human life. Overall, "Modern Historical and Social Philosophies" is a seminal work in the field of modern philosophy and sociology. It offers a comprehensive and insightful analysis of the major philosophical and social theories of the modern era and provides a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the complex and dynamic nature of modern society.